To compare the classification of the relationship between impacted mandibular third molars and the inferior alveolar canal on the right and left sides using CBCT

Abstract

Introduction: Impacted mandibular third molars can lead to various complications, and
their proximity to the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) increases the risk of nerve damage
during extraction. While traditional imaging techniques often lack precision, cone-beam
computed tomography (CBCT) offers improved accuracy in assessing the relationship
between third molars and the IAC. This study aims to evaluate the CBCT classification of
this relationship on both sides, examining its association with age and gender to enhance
diagnostic accuracy and minimize surgical risks.
Methods: The study's sample size of 50 was determined with a 95% confidence level and
5% margin of error, based on a population proportion of 50%. Investigators were trained
to interpret CBCT images, and their assessments showed strong agreement with field
experts (kappa = 0.91, p = 0.003). Ethical approval was obtained, and data were collected
from OPD records at Ahmedabad Dental College, with exclusions for images showing
deformities, artifacts, or incomplete formations.
Results: The findings suggest no significant association between the relationship of
impacted third molars and the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) with either age or gender. The
majority of cases occur in individuals aged 20 to 40 years, and classifications 1a, 3a, and
3b are most common on both the right and left sides. Gender does not appear to influence
the CBCT classification of third molar and IAN relationship. These results indicate that
the positional relationship between impacted third molars and the IAN is independent of
demographic factors like age and gender.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the position of impacted third molars is not
influenced by demographic factors such as age or gender. CBCT proves to be a valuable
diagnostic tool for assessing the location of impacted third molars, providing a threedimensional perspective of the anatomical relationship between the mandibular third molar
and the inferior alveolar nerve.